Egypt a Mezopotámie
EGYPT
Stará říše: 2700 - 2000př.kr
Střední říše: 2000 - 1800 př kr.
Nová říše: 1600 - 1100 př kr.
Stará říše:
období prosperity, míru
Lokace: delta Nilu, ohraničeněné, omezené a izolované území, umožnilo kontinuální vývoj (narozdíl od Mezopotámie - městské státy v otevřeném terénu)
Architektura: Materiál kámen (M - hliněné cihly) Stavěly se hlavně sakrální stavby - chrámy: pošné, rovinné území ohraničené hradbami, nebo vysekané do skály - velikánské areály kde byly i příbytky kněží.
hrobky: pyramidy, zevnitř zdobené freskami, spočívalo tam bohatě zdobené tělo faraona ("helma" - klaft!) a dary (nápoje, jídlo - vše pro posmrtný život), fresky zobrazují jeho život a oblíbené činnosti
- 1. pyramida: Džoserova - kol. r. 2600 v Sakkaře, stupňovitá (podobná Inkům), nejstarší stavba na světě
- pyramidy v Gíze - Chufuova (Cheops)největší na svět, má již hladké stěny
- Menkaureova (Mykerinova)
Sfingy: stály v blízkosti pyramid, hlava faraona, tělo lva, socha nebo stavba? (chodby, pokoje..) účel?Mastaby: nízké hrobky pro vysoce postavené osoby, bohatě malířsky a sochařsky vyzdobené.
Basferiéf: socha zadní stěnou ústící v zeď, vylíčená jako obraz.
Hypostyl: neboli architrávový zp.stavby, síň s přehrazenými sloupy, hlavice sloupů ve tvaru lotosového květu nebo rákosu/bambusu. např. v Karnaku
Sochařství: strnulé zpodobnění bez života a pohybu, schematické, nikoliv portrét, ale to co nám toho člověka připomíná.
Materiál: kámen, pískovec, vše polychromované
- Sedící písař (Louvre)
- Kněz Rahotep a jeho žena Nofreta
- Vešepta - drobné figurky, téma třeba práce na poli
Malba: na stěnách hrobek a chrámů, měly náboženskou fci, proto byly popisné a nerealistické, schematické. Frontální zobrazení: Hlava z profilu, oko en face, ramena...atd.
používali hieratickou perspektivu: nejvýznamnější osoba - největší
enkaustika: barva + vosk
užité umění: dokonalé, luxusní a precizní předměty, nábytek v dnešní podobě, ale zdobenější (intarzovaný), vyráběli sklo, zrcadla,
Nová říše:
srdcem království Théby, Amenhotem IV provedl převrat, odklonil se od boha Amona k Atonovi.
Architektura:
- Karnacký chrámový komplex: 2 ha, velice rozlehlý, tvořen hypostylem.Faraoni Nové ř. se nechávali pohřbívat do Údolí králů (u Nilu), hroby ale vykradeny, kromě Tutanchamónova.
- socha Achnatona, Nefertiti a jejich dětí --> hlava Nefertiti: nejkrásnější ženská hlava v sochařství (aut. Thutmose)
Inspirace Egyptem: Ivan Kafka (land art), Picasso (Sylvetta), Jan Konůpek
MEZOPOTÁMIE
je území v otevřeném terénu,meziříčí Eufratu a Tigris, proudí zde spolusta národů, složené z městdkých států - Ur, Uruk, Lagaš, Eridu
1. Sumérská éra: 3500 - 2350 př.Kr.
Sumerové (i Akkadové) jsou indoevropané
vznikají:
zikkuraty: 7mi stupňové stavby, v nejvyšším stupni svatyně zasvěcená bohu Mardukovi, kam smí jen kněží.
stély: ohlazený kámen s nápisem, materiál cihly z pálené hlíny, ve výjm. příp. glazované. např. Chamurappiho zákoník
pečetidla: fungovala jako podpis, ve formě klínového písma vyrývaného do hliněných destiček, dnes jich je hodně v London museum
další předměty: reliéfy, šperky, zbraně, keramika
- Standarta z Uru: skříňka (vlajka NEE) tvořená mozaikami ze slonoviny, výjevy z bitev na lazuritovém podkladě, postavy se suknicemi z kůže, inkrustace: vkládání jiných materiálů
- hliněný reliéf lagašského krále
- hudební nástroje zdobené býčími hlavami, realisticky pojaté
- socha býčka stojícího na pozlacených větvích (asi kvůli bohaté úrodě?)
2. Sumérsko - Akkadské obd.
- Naramsinova stéla (Louvre): ukázka z boje
- socha Ensiho Gudea: vládce Lagaše (správce) cca 2200 př Kr., z bronzu, disproporční, malinký, zvláštně sepnuté ruce, typická pokrývka hlavy, suknice popsána klínovým písmem (písmo Chetitů rozluštil Bedřich Hrozný)
3. Semitské obd.
Starobabylonská říše: přichází chetité, přebírají písmo a hl. městem se stává Babylon
- Chamurappiho stéla: na černém dioritu, panovník na hlavě rohy - znak moci, nejstarší zákoník na světě (Louvre)
- Bohyně čichající ke květině - basreliéf z Mary
- Skupina tří kozorožců: zlaté masky, rohy spojené
- Harfenistka (obliba hudebních nástrojů)
Novoasyrské obd.: hl. králové Ašurbanipal a , hl. město Ninive
- Palác v Chorsabadu: 7 st.př Kr., u jeho vchodu postavy z apokalypsy - tetramorfní postavy (orel, býk, lev, lidská hlava s rohy) - tzv. kompozitní postava
- Lovecký výjev
- Raněná lvice: reliéf, velmi realistický projev! (Londýn)
- Odpočiněk v révovém loubí
Novobabylonská říše: 612 - 539 př.Kr. probíhá současně s novoegyptskou říší a antikou!
vyvrcholení kultury a umu, hl. městem je Babylon, velmi vyspělé město s hradbami; v této době zajetí židů za krále Nebukadnezara II a epos o Gilgamešovi (???)
- Babylonská věž: zikkurat, inspirovala umělce (Breugel)
- Mezopotámská brána: archetyp všech bran
- Ištartina brána: z glazovaných cihel, zdobená zvěrnými motivy
- Visuté zahrady Semiramidiny: z kamene, 1 terasa 12 metrů
Pojmy:
tella: kopec ze zeminy, která zbyla ze zikkuratů
nekropolis: hřbitov
inkrustace: aplikace jiných materiálů, např do oka sochy
teracotta: pálená hlína
kánon: schema, určitý způsob
Komentáře
Přehled komentářů
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Surprised By My Wife’s Knowledge
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I thought she was beautiful as I stood there peeking in through the window.Yes, she was beautiful as she stood there in front of the mirror naked, fondling her small firm breasts, pinching her cute stiff nipples with one hand, her other hand rubbing her hot pussy slit, tickling her clitoris and slipping her small finger up into her tight pussy opening.
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I slipped into the house and going to her bedroom door which was also open just a crack.
She was home alone her mother having gone to a meeting with a friend of hers, and would be gone until almost midnight.
I was sure that would give me the time to enjoy her cunt giving her the pleasure that she would keep coming back to me for.
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Hey, sexy!
(Kennethnep, 3. 6. 2021 19:14)
I was coming out of the tiny shower of the suite at 11:45, rushing in the hopes Tom Edwards, the First Officer, might be hanging around the hallway outside “just in case”. Without bothering with underwear, I slip on the summer dress I had worn previously, sandals, and quickly brushed my hair. I opened the door to find Tom nervously pacing just down the hall from my suite.
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Funny story
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“How may I satisfy you best, Sirs? In my mouth or … perhaps my pussy? One at a time or together?”
Nothing was said for a moment, so I interjected my own thought, “May I suggest?” They numbly nodded. “Let’s do both at the same time.
Mr. Wilson, if you’ll lay yourself against the headboard …”
He did as I directed after quickly shedding his remaining clothes.
I crawled up onto the bed after him thinking the reputation of hotel bed covers being a haven for bodily fluids was about to become even truer.
With him settled, I crawled onto the bed to him and looked over my shoulder. In a deliciously devious gesture that only I understood I patted my ass for Tenor to come and fuck me.
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Hello
(HaroldGothe, 2. 6. 2021 9:02)
You wanted to see me, Sir?
I was two steps into his office, my suit jacket sliding down my arms as I walked to my location between the chairs in front of his desk.
“Something has come to my attention that might be interesting.”
It wasn’t normal for him to blurt out what was on his mind when I was summoned to his office. We had established something of a protocol of how this was to work.
It was akin to a tribal ritual of exchanging pleasant conversation prior to entering into serious exchange, a ritual intended to maintain civility and peace and calm prior to any interaction.
I had thought ours was the same, though it had never been expressed or defined. I undressed and he sat back in his chair to enjoy it prior to entering into any business.
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